Concept #10: "Madd e Mutasil" ;defined as the ‘Connected’ Madd. This happens when hamza comes after one of Madd letters in the same word. In such a case, the reciter is required to elongate Madd up to 4 alif amount). The application is Wajib so we call it Madd Al-Wajib.

Concept #11: "Madd e Munfasil" ; This is defined as the separated Madd because one of the letters of mad and hamza (a reason of mad) comes in two successive words. This occurs when the letter Madd appears at the end of one word and the hamza appears at the beginning of the next word. In this case, the reciter can elongate up to four alif amount.

Concept #12: "Madd e Lazim" ;divided into two categories as permanent and temporary. Here, we deal with a permanent Sukoon. Let’s remember what it is: Permanent Sukoon: This type of sukoon is fixed and pronounced regardless if one stops or continues while reading a verse from Qur’an, visible on the letters not only in the form sukoon (٥) but also shaddah ( ّ ). (Hint: each shaddah contains a sukoon).

Concept #13: "Madd e Aariza" ; If a temporary sukoon appears on a word that comes after one of the Madd letters, then this is known as Mad Al-Aarid. Aarid means temporary, so we can translate it as Temporary Mad.

Concept #14: "Noon Sakin and Tanween" ;The letter noon – نْ without a vowel is called “noon as sakeena“. The tanween is the name given in Arabic to the double vocalization at the end of words and whose sound is that of noon as sakeena:

Concept #15: "Ikhfa" ;If any of the 15 letters of Ikhfaa’ come after Noon As-Sakinah or Tanween the word will be read between Ith’har and Idghaam with the existence of Ghunna, and the duration will be of two Harakah.

Concept #16: "Izhar" ;an Arabic word which means Manifestation. Izhar in Tajweed means to
pronounce the letter from its exit in a clear sound without stopping, silence, Ghunna or stress.

Concept #17: "Idgham" ;If after Nûn As-Sakinah or Tanween comes any of the Idghaam letters, you will merge the Nûn Sakinah or Tanween into the letter. The emphasis will be on the succeeding letter because of the presence of Shaddah.

Concept #18: "Iqlab" ;an Arabic word that means Alternation or switching. And in Tajweed, Iqlab is one of the Tajweed rules. Iqlab rule means that Noon Sakinah or Tanween is switched to Meem sakinah in its pronunciation.

Concept #19: "Huruf Halqi" ;when it comes to reciting the Qur'an, the six letters simply must be read out loud with their associated sound and respective muscle group. In Qur'anic science, to not do so is disrespectful, close to a sin - if you have the means to do good do it, and could potentially change the meaning.

Concept #20: "Huruf Mustalia" ;Tafkheem ( تفخيم ) means 'fatness' or 'thickness' added on to a letter as a redundant characteristic (noting that it still must be exercised).

Concept #21: "Huruf Qalqala" ;the letter of Qalqalah comes at the end of a word and you stop on it, it will be pronounced with a strong echoing sound, and if the letter has a Shaddah it will be pronounced even stronger.

Concept #22: "Ghunna" ;In the Arabic language, there are diacritics [including the fat-ha, dhammah and kasrah] that can be the reason a word’s meaning changes completely. One of these diacritics is the shaddah. Insha Allah I will briefly explain what this is and move on to the Tajweed rule regarding the Noon and Meem letters that have a shaddah.

Concept #23: "Hadar" ;where the Quran is read quickly but respecting all rules of Tajweed.

Concept #24: "Tarteel" ;the Arabic word for hymnody. The term is commonly translated in reference to the Qur'an as recitation, "in proper order" and "with no haste."

Concept #25: "Madd e Aariza" ; If a temporary sukoon appears on a word that comes after one of the Madd letters, then this is known as Mad Al-Aarid. Aarid means temporary, so we can translate it as Temporary Mad.